More and more children have been diagnosed with ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This is a condition that

usually presents itself during childhood years, and is characterized by a consistent string of inattention and hyperactivity,

with forgetfulness, poor impulse control and distractability. According to a recent survey by the University at Buffalo,

about five percent of children in classrooms have students with ADHD and another five percent have ADHD but are undiagnosed.

In dealing with this kind of disorder, those children with ADHD are placed on psychoactive medications by their family

physician, generally upon initial recommendation by officials from the child’s school. Some experts on ADHD treatment,

however, believe that there are other effective alternatives to medication. Some doctors and professionals involved in the

treatement of ADHD field overemphasizes the role that psychoactive medications play in the treatment of these children.

Many parents are not fully aware of the well-established, evidence-based alternative in taking psychoactive medications,

which is behavior therapy. Most of the physicians normally prescribe such psychoactive medications routinely to children

without discussing first the benefits and risks of these drugs and its alternatives with the parents. Moreover, research has

shown that those children with ADHD who were started on behavioral therapy, half of them did not need any medication at all.

Rather than prescribing such medications at an early age, physicians should be recommending a sequential course to parents:

behavior therapy first, and then the prescription of medications if needed later on. Such information was supported by a

survey of parents, in which 80 percent of them would choose behavioral therapy than medication therapy as the initial

treatment of ADHD, if only they had been aware of the benefits of behavioral therapy in the first place. According to Pelham,

such medications for ADHD children is not bad, although it needs to be used in moderation. By taking in low doses and

combining behavioral therapy when needed, these psychoactive medications are considered as a useful intervention for ADHD

children.

With the use of behavioral therapy, children, teachers and parents can learn different skills and techniques in order to

improve the child’s behavior in his daily life. The main focus for this type of therapy is on academic performance in school,

relationships with peers and siblings, relationship with parents, failure in obeying adult requests, and skills development

in important areas. This can also reflect good parenting because of their interaction (behavior modification) with their

child, better than just popping a psychoactive drug into the child’s brain. With children receiving less medication, they

would be less susceptible to side effects that go with the drugs such as stunting of growth and loss of appetite.

This could also produce long-term benefits for ADHD children, like teaching them behavior and coping skills that they would

eventually carry out into adulthood. When children with treatment medications become adults, they tend to refuse in taking

their medication. As a result, the benefits of the said medication goes away, and it would be much harder to teach behavioral

skills to adolescents than with younger children.

Sleep is an essential requirement for sustaining human life. Nobody is entirely sure just how sleep works or what the body does while you’re out, but it is known that depriving yourself of a full night’s sleep can have unpleasant side effects. Sleep deprivation, sadly, is a growing problem in the modern world. Whether it is their schedule, the stress from work, or chronic pain, people are finding it more difficult to get a full night’s (or day’s) rest. The vast majority of people don’t consider this to be a major problem, but that is only because they don’t seem to fully grasp the potential dangers associated with a lack of sleep. Being deprived of sleep long enough can actually be fatal. But surely, even short-term deprivation can have consequences on the mind and body.

Decreased alertness and reflexes are the first signs that someone hasn’t been getting enough sleep. As side effects go, most people don’t really pay much attention to this. For the most part, people who experience this problem tend to think that a couple of cups of coffee throughout the day can compensate. However, sluggish and slow behavior can have consequences on one’s personal and professional performance, even if caffeine is taken to compensate. The impaired environmental awareness and the reduced ability to react to things quickly enough is just the first of many potential side effects.

Sleep deprivation can be very hazardous to a person’s mental health, particularly if the lack of sleep is chronic. Psychiatric conditions are among the potential consequences of not getting enough sleep, with conditions such as depression and anxiety often being used as examples. Cognitive abilities and perception are also impaired, such that some people who haven’t gotten enough sleep are reported to have experienced brief psychotic episodes. Emotional stability may also suffer if the lack of sleep is accompanied by other emotional factors, playing on the brain’s already impaired ability to properly process stimuli from the environment and from other people.

According to studies, mammals that are rendered unable to sleep for prolonged periods tend to die from the loss of the ability to regulate their body temperature. While this has not been tested on humans, it is reasonable to assume that the same would occur if a person were to be prevented from sleeping for three weeks. A lack of sleep in connection with fatal familial insomnia can cause rapid degeneration of brain cells, though it is uncertain if fatalities are directly caused by the sleep deprivation or if it was caused by a related problem.

The immune system can also be impaired by a lack of sleep, making a person more susceptible to infection and disease. The cardiovascular system, which is believed to go into a more relaxed state during sleep, can be taxed during prolonged period without sleep. In some cases, three days without sleep can lead to a heart attack or heart failure. Blood pressure has also been known to go up due to lack of sleep, with some cases being reported where the pressure actually doubled. This, combined with the effects on mood and temperament, can do serious damage to a person’s relationships.

Indeed, losing sleep is more than just being drowsy the morning after. If left unaddressed for such a long period of time, it could worsen and lead to the loss of not only sleep — but of one’s mind, as well.

There are probably more medicines than there are illnesses to be cured. We all know that medicines are developed to make us feel better when we are feeling sick. However, most people don’t realize that all medicines have risks as well as benefits. Medicines may cause unwanted side effects or drug interactions with food or with other medicines you may be taking.

Benefits of over-the-counter and prescription medicines must outweigh its known risk before the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve its sale to the general public. The FDA can withdraw a medication from the market if found to cause harmful side effects. The benefits of medicines are the positive effects you get when you take them, such as lowering blood pressure, curing bacterial infection or relieving back pain. The risks of medicines are the chances that something unwanted or unexpected could happen to you when you use them. Some risks could be less serious, such as a headache, or more serious, such as liver damage. In order to reduce the risks, always follow the directions carefully when taking medicines.

Medicines are chemical substances or compounds that are used for the treatment and prevention of diseases and its symptoms. Advances in medications have enabled doctors to a find cure to many diseases and save lives.

Today’s medicines come from varied sources. Some medicines have been developed from substances found in nature, such as plant extracts. But most medicines are produced and developed in laboratories using chemical mixtures, or by products of organisms, such as fungus. And a few medicines are even biologically engineered by inserting genes into bacteria that make them produce the desired substance.

Medications come in different forms, such as tablets, pills, liquids, drops, creams, gels, ointments, inhalers, patches, injectables.

Some medicines can cure an illness by killing or stopping the spread of invading germs, such as bacteria and viruses. Others are used for cancer treatments by killing cells as they divide to prevent them from multiplying. Some drugs simply replace missing substances or correct abnormally low levels of natural body chemicals such as certain hormones or vitamins. Medicines can also affect parts of the nervous system that control a particular body process.

Antibiotic is a type of medicine to fight bacterial infections like strep throat or an ear infection. These medicines help the body’s immune system to fight off the infection by killing the bacteria or stopping their multiplication. Some medicines can only treat the symptoms but can’t cure the illness that causes the symptoms. For example, taking a lozenge may soothe a sore throat, but it won’t kill that nasty strep bacteria. There are medicines for pain relief to treat pulled muscles. They block the pathways that transmit pain signals from the injured or irritated body part to the brain to lessen the pain.

Immunizations are medical treatments that keep people from getting sick through vaccines. They contain parts or products of infectious organisms or whole germs that have been modified or killed. Vaccine helps the body’s immune system to fight off infection by that germ.

Some people find it a hassle to take medicines. But these are the most effective treatments available for many illnesses. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking any medication to avoid further aggravating your condition. Inform your health care provider about all of the medicines and supplements you are using to avoid possible drug interactions. It is important to mention if you are pregnant or nursing to avoid harmful effects to the unborn.

Food is one of the core necessities of life and has often been hailed, along with music, as a “universal language.” No culture or civilization is without a means of preparing meals, instilling the same ingredients with a flavor unique to that region or group.

Food has become so important for human survival and culture. But nothing can cause more worry and paranoia when food becomes tainted with infection. Sadly, there are several bacterial infections that you can get by eating contaminated food, though not all of them are frequent in appearance.

One of the more common bacterial infections you can get from food would be e. coli. This particular bacteria is typically found in cattle, though it can also appear in smaller animals.

Smoking is a habit that is enjoyed by millions around the world, despite being generally known as a potentially serious health risk. There are several negative effects of tobacco on the body, not the least of which is the increased risk of lung cancer. Despite all of the warnings coming from every possible angle, including the Japanese anime industry and Hollywood getting in on the act, most people still prefer to smoke. However, for the modern male that is obsessed with traditionally masculine aspects such as virility, one reason to give up the habit might be the risk of sexual impotence. That is, if the findings of a recently concluded study by the Tulane University School of Public Health is accurate in its analysis.

Dr. Jiang He, head of the research team, said that the “association between cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction was found in earlier studies.” However, he pointed out that other potential causes of sexual impotence were found in the test subjects, such as hypertension, depression, diabetes, and a number of cardiovascular diseases. He stated that while his study dealt with the same problem, he believed that there was a key difference between his research and what has come before. Unlike previous studies, which did not exclude potential test subjects based on health grounds, Dr. Jiang He’s research team specifically picked out men who were in good physical condition apart from their smoking. That, in theory, can go much further than previous studies in showing the link between impotence and smoking.

The research confirms that men who smoke are more likely to experience problems like erectile dysfunction than other men, though the 41% statistic is much higher than what the research team initially projected during preliminary tests. There is ample evidence to make the assumption that this is a standard “cause and effect” response, with the effects varying depending on the “dose” of nicotine introduced into the system over a given period. For example, a man who smoked 10 cigarettes a day came in with an increase of 27% risk of erectile dysfunction compared to normally healthy men. Men who had 11 to 20 exhibited an almost 40% increase in risk. The data was similar for men who smoked more than 20 in a day, with the percentage of risk going up with each stick added. This, combined with the cardiovascular and respiratory side effects of habitual smoking and factors such as psychology and emotional state, made for an incredible risk.

The study estimated that 22.7% of all cases of erectile dysfunction &ndash roughly 11.8 million men &ndash are caused by smoking. The study further discovered that quitting did not decrease the risks faced by long-time smokers, with the statistics showing that there was no difference if the subject was still a smoker or if they had already quit. Age did not appear to be a factor as well, with young men just as likely to develop erectile dysfunction due to smoking in middle-aged or older men. This is among men who were otherwise in excellent health, with the researchers conceding that if the subjects had been in poorer health, the numbers would likely have been much higher.

Most women, it can be said, have an overwhelming desire to be always look good all the time. Every woman needs to feel beautiful physically. They also want to have a pleasant, alluring personality and attitude. Of course, to make it complete, women want to be in good health.

However, in society today, there is now a confusion about what is beautiful and what is plain vanity. Media distortion and exaggerated advertising campaigns have done a lot to shape the new standard in beauty: slim and sexy is beautiful. No wonder, even Hollywood’s glamorous women find it a requirement to have shapely curves especially during a photo shoot or during the Awards Night.

So, what is a woman to think, if she weighs around 180 pounds and above? Of course, the poor lady would have to think of an easy way out of being called “big” or “fat”. Taking over-the-counter weight loss pills would be the quickest, easiest, and most convenient way to lose weight. These weight loss pills are readily available in the market, with or without the approval of the FDA. It is seen everywhere — from the local drugstore, the supermarket, or any health food stores. One can even purchase these pills online, with a lot more options to choose from. These weight loss pills are said to make a person lose weight, decrease one’s appetite, reduce body fat, increase the amount of calories burned, increases fat metabolism, blocks the absorption of dietary fat, and increase the feeling of fullness with continued use.

There are a number of weight loss pills circulating the market today. Whether herbal or dietary supplement, these pills should be taken with caution. A woman’s health is at risk when taking such diet pills. Since these pills are available almost anywhere, it’s appealing to women who would want to lose weight fast. But everyone should consider in researching more on the said diet pills, since some of these pills can be downright dangerous for a woman’s health.

Bitter orange is considered as a diet pill. This dietary supplement claims to decrease appetite, but what a woman really needs to know is that this specific supplement is also an ephedra substitute. This substitute, however, may cause health risks similar to those of ephedra. Chitosan is another example, a diet pill that supposedly blocks the absorption of dietary fat. This particular drug is relatively safe but its its effectiveness is doubtful. This specific weight loss pill can also cause constipation, bloating, and other gastrointestinal complaints. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), another diet pill, claims to reduce body fats, decreases appetite and also build up muscles. What people don’t know is that this weight loss pill can cause diarrhea, indigestion, and other gastrointestinal problems, and that is will not reduce a person’s total body weight. Ephedra, which also claims to decrease appetite, has a lot more side effects than any of the other diet pills. This can cause high blood pressure, heart rate irregularities, sleeplessness, heart attacks, strokes, seizures, and even death. This weight loss pill has already been banned from the market due to safety concerns but it can still be legally purchased as tea.

For consumers, especially women, it is hard to know what’s inside those pills. Most weight loss pills have a combination of different ingredients, some of which are just basically add-ons like caffeine or laxatives. These mixture of ingredients can pose a risk to a woman’s health, since the interaction between these ingredients is still unknown. The best way for women to lose weight is not by taking these so-called diet pills but to have an active and healthy lifestyle. Consider eating a good and balanced diet, together with physical exercise. And lastly, be happy with how you look. It’s not how heavy or sexy you are, it’s about confidence and having the right attitude towards life.

Menopausal women searching for new ways to cool down hot flashes have found a new prescription: antidepressants. Although this does not mean that all menopausal women are going through depression, none of these drugs are specifically approved for the condition, yet the number of doctors giving “off label” prescriptions is on the rise.

Hot flashes are characterized by the sudden, intense, hot feeling on your face and upper body, and can be preceded or accompanied by a rapid heartbeat and sweating, nausea, dizziness, anxiety, headache, weakness, or a feeling of suffocation.

According to research, the use of antidepressants for menopausal women has become increasingly common due to the fact that women and doctors alike are seeking alternatives to menopause hormones. It has been observed that the use of hormone drugs for menopause has decreased significantly since 2002, after a government study that linked hormone use in older women may result to stroke and breast cancer.

There is no clear evidence why antidepressants seem to have a cooling down effect in the hot flashes of some women. The connection was made only by chance in the studies of women with breast cancer. There are some cancer drugs that can set off hot flashes, and researchers noticed that women who were also taking the antidepressants known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors had fewer flashes.

There are studies which showed that the use of these and other serotonin-altering drugs to treat hot flashes in healthy menopausal women have shown disappointing results. On the other hand, Wyeth’s Effexor and GlaxoSmithKline’s Paxil, have shown a meaningful benefit in high-quality controlled studies, as per a review published last year in The Journal of the American Medical Association.

Most women welcome the idea of relief more than they would receive from drugs. In one Effexor trial, the antidepressant users reported about 60 percent fewer hot flashes. By comparison, studies of hormones show estrogen reduces the frequency of hot flashes 80 percent. However, some women also complained of numerous side effects, such as constipation, dry mouth and nausea.

According to Cynthia Pearson, Executive Director of the National Women’s health, some women are fine with antidepressants and say, “It helps and it makes a difference,” while others say, “Forget it. I don’t feel like myself.”

Different studies produce a variation of results in connection with the drug responses. A study of the antidepressant Zoloft which was sponsored by its maker, Pfizer, and published this month in the journal “Menopause,” has reported that one-third of the subjects actually had more hot flashes while taking the drug, a third stayed about the same or experienced just a slight benefit, and another third reported far fewer hot flashes. Such finding is similar to trends shown in other studies of antidepressants for hot flashes, which include Prozac and Paxil.

Figuring out which type of women have the most to gain from taking antidepressant drugs is the real challenge but the number of women to be studied should increase in order to come up with significant conclusions. In the Zoloft trial, only 27 women were in the high-benefit group.

A very interesting trend emerged among women who were recently menopausal. These women who had just stopped having their periods turned out to receive the most benefits from antidepressant treatment. However, women who had been menopausal for a year and those who were just starting to experience the effects of hormonal fluctuations fared worse on the drug.

The biggest concern about antidepressant use for menopause is that the drugs may worsen some symptoms already common during menopause &ndash things like anxiety, sleep problems and loss of libido. And while the drugs have been used safely for years in people with depression, there’s no long-term data on their use in healthy women with healthy brains.

Women who will opt to try antidepressant treatment for the relief of hot flashes should first consult professional medical advise. Regular follow-up is also necessary in the first weeks after starting the drug.

People who are trying to quit smoking cigarettes use nicotine chewing gum. It is a substitute for oral activity and provides a source of nicotine that reduces the withdrawal symptoms experienced when smoking is stopped. However, some people who have successfully stopped their smoking habit are turning out to be addicted to the nicotine gum itself.

We don’t have to fully understand all the hazards that smoking cigarette brings just for us to realize that indeed we need to quit the habit. And those in the know say that cigarette smoke has over 4000 chemicals in it, 40 of which are known carcinogens. On top of that, at least 200 of those chemicals are flat out poisonous. Inhaling second hand smoke kills, that is why smokers are in greater risk of its hazardous effects because they breathe in both mainstream and sidestream smoke. And while cigarette smoke is worse than nicotine in itself, it does not discount the fact that nicotine is a harmful drug.

Long term use of nicotine may lead to cancer. It also affects how our bodies function by putting stress on the heart and increases blood pressure. According to the reports of The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, nicotine harms the linings of our arteries which leads to the build-up of plaque, thus, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Moreover, nicotine suppresses insulin output creating a hypoglycemic condition.

Nicotine chewing gum is a nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) product. It can be a perfect quit aid for some people as it already helped many thousands of people stop smoking successfully. It isn’t easy to quit from smoking and having a wide variety of quit aid options to get clear of this addiction ultimately means more lives saved.

However, some quitters are getting addicted to the nicotine chewing gums and lozenges that they find it hard to quit from the new habit.

NRTs are not intended for long-term use. It is not only expensive to maintain but the gum can also potentially stick to and damage dental work. Pregnant and nursing women, as well as people taking certain medications may also be advised against using nicotine products due to the side effects such as headaches, hiccups, sore jaw and hives.

Though chewing a couple of pieces of nicotine gum everyday is a much better choice over smoking a stick of cigarette, treat it the way you would a prescription drug. Use it as per instruction by your doctor and follow the product directions. Proper use can ease the discomforts of recovery from nicotine addiction. Everything in life has some level of risk. NRT’s are not excluded.

Be sure to wean yourself off of the product in the time period suggested. Remaining dependent on nicotine, regardless of the form it comes in, may lead to an increased risk of a smoking relapse. Moreover, as in the case with habit-forming drugs, tolerance will increase over time and so will the intake.

According to Lynn T. Kozlowski, Interim Dean of the School of Public Health and Health Professions at the University at Buffalo, “The problem is not that people use it too much. The greater problem is that they use it too little. People use it for a week, and then they are back to smoking cigarettes.”

Smoking cessation experts said that although nicotine therapy doubles a smoker’s chance of successfully kicking the habit, use of the products remains relatively low. Most people often find nicotine gums and lozenges having unpleasant taste. And the thought that nicotine is what makes cigarettes harmful also keep them from trying the gum.

The goals of most therapists is to get more people to try NRTs as an aid to help them kick the smoking habit. Although a few people may get hooked on the nicotine products, managing to stop smoking is a good sign that you can eliminate your dependence on the NRTs as well.

Susan Zafarlotfi, Clinical Director of the Breath and Lung Institute at Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey said that once someone has stopped smoking, she tries to encourage patients hooked on nicotine gum to start substituting real gum from time to time. “You may get a placebo effect,” she noted.

Suffice it to say that nicotine is a poison, and that the human body is much better off without it, nevertheless, the shot of nicotine you get from the gum is definitely small in comparison to smoking.

Sexual impotence, or erectile dysfunction, is a condition characterized by a man’s repeated inability to obtain or maintain an erection suitable for sexual intercourse. Erections are managed by two different mechanisms, the reflex and the psychogenic erection. Reflex erections are achieved by directly touching the male shaft. Psychogenic erections are achieved by erotic or emotional stimuli. Sexual impotence can be caused by psychological issues, stress, alcohol abuse, smoking, hormonal deficiency, or diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. When the underlying medical or psychological condition causing the sexual impotence is determined, the proper course of treatment will then be prescribed. Patients will have the option to take either testosterone injections, oral prescriptions, direct injections to the shaft, vacuum pumps, surgery, or in cases of psychological issues, counseling. Apart from those there are other, more unconventional treatments available, like herbal medicine, acupuncture, or experimental medicine.

One of the most popular treatments for sexual impotence is the use of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), and Levitra (vardenafil) which are reliable, non-invasive and conveniently packaged in pill form. PDE5 inhibitors work by relaxing smooth muscle tissue in the blood vessels of the penis enabling their dilation and increasing blood supply to the corpus cavernosum, which helps enable men to obtain and retain an erection. But these pills are not without their complications, and may cause a myriad of side effects. These medications are also hazardous for patients taking nitrate-based drugs or alpha-blockers, because drug interaction with PDE5 inhibitors can be fatal.

But lately, another drug has been increasingly gaining a following among patients with sexual impotence. Yohimbine hydrochloride is a substance derived from the bark of the yohimbe evergreen tree, which grows in West Africa where it traditionally has been used as an aphrodisiac and sexual enhancer. It works by increasing the amount of blood that is allowed to flow into the penis and prevents blood from flowing out of the penis, thereby resulting in an erection. While the substance is naturally occurring in the tree’s bark, the latter contains minimal amounts of yohimbine. In the United States it is sold in a standardized form that is available as a prescription drug for the treatment of male sexual impotence. It may come in capsule, tablet, liquid, or powder form.

Yohimbine hydrochloride has not conclusively been proven to be an effective treatment for sexual impotence. However, some studies suggest that it may be most effective on men with mild erectile problems regardless of whether it was caused by an underlying physical or psychological condition. The drug itself does cause side effects like the other medications for sexual impotence. Among these side effects are dizziness; anxiety, irritability, or nervousness; tremors (shaking); headache; or skin flushing. Other, more dangerous side effects are an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives); a very irregular or fast heartbeat; or confusion or unusual behavior. If any of these symptoms occur after ingesting the drug, medical attention should be sought immediately.

It’s about time that men should also share responsibility with women in terms of being educated about effective contraceptive methods. Researchers and scientists around the world are now working on male contraceptive products that are potentially safer, more effective, and more convenient than the current contraceptives out in the market. Men should have access to reliable and reversible contraceptive options beyond condoms and vasectomies. Currently underway are several other male contraceptives given as injections, implants or patches based mostly on hormones which trick the brain into switching off hormone production.

Over a decade ago, the drug treatments for schizophrenia and high blood pressure were found to have the effect of stopping men from ejaculating. These drugs also had other side effects such as dizziness and drowsiness, which later led to the conclusion that they could not be used as contraceptives. Tests on human tissue have revealed that some chemicals can have the same effect and help stop men from ejaculating. Researchers from King’s College in London have also determined that these chemicals prevent the longitudinal muscle in the vas deferens from contracting to propel sperm out of the penis. The team is now planning to use the chemicals in animal studies, and later on, with humans. They are hoping that in five years time, an alternative male contraceptive could already be released in the market.

The dosage for men is one pill a day, which is similar to the dosage given to women who use the female contraceptive pill. or could take one a few hours before they plan to have sex. The effect of infertility caused by this drug is only temporary. Developers of the new contraceptive say that a man’s fertility should return the next day because the contraceptive is not dependent on hormones.

“If a man was taking the pill over a period of several months and decided to come off it, we would expect his fertility to return just as quickly as if he had taken it on a one-off basis,” said Dr. Christopher Smith regarding the research. The concept is welcomed by women who find it really tiring to be always the one in charge of fertility. As Rebecca Findlay of the Family Planning Association have said, “For women, it would be another form of liberation.”

Although Dr Allan Pacey, Honorary Secretary of the British Fertility Society, welcomed the idea with reservation, he said that he was concerned that the sperm would be ‘redirected’ into urine, or may be present in the urethra, and that pregnancy could therefore still occur.

There are some sectors and pharmaceutical companies, however, that are skeptical about the concept’s appeal with the male population regarding new contraceptive products, its side effects, issues about sensation and infertility, as well as the lack of fund for most research studies. On-going trials of a male contraceptive which combines an implant and regular injections to lower sperm production temporarily have started in the United Kingdom but scientists are having trouble in recruiting men to take part in the study. The public is encouraged to participate in on-going survey and tests as volunteers. The aggregated results of the survey will be used to show policymakers that there is demand and future for new male contraceptives.